Debate.org is a dynamic social community where you can voice your opinion on today’s hottest issues. January 1998 - One of the key issues in the debate over NATO enlargement is the question of the relationship between NATO and the Baltic states and how an expansion of the alliance would affect Russia's relations with Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. Connecticut lawmakers debate major expansion of Bottle Bill. Given that the debate over NATO expansion often focuses on U.S.-Russian relations, it’s worth pausing over the importance of these countries’ own actions and wishes over the full course of the decade between 1989 and their accession. There had been debate within the United States after the fall of the Soviet Union about the speed of NATO expansion. My ªnding that the United States reneged on assurances against NATO expansion that were, in fact, given to Soviet leaders in 1990 obviously bears on how current Russian The expansion led by the U S - led alliance was the largest and fastest in modern times NATO expansion this included two broken promises to Russia that the Kremlin has never forgotten. Russia has a very clear opinion on this debate. Communism is still a constant threat. There had been debate within the United States after the fall of the Soviet Union about the speed of NATO expansion. But You Really Shouldn't Love NATO." That depends in fair part on NATO expansion and the resolution of the issues surrounding the CFE Treaty. NATO… Whether or not to expand NATO is a question that deserves debate… NATO shall continue to perform the role of a defensive alliance against a putative military threat. What happened to robust and thoughtful debate? Few Americans are thinking about the issue — just 20% have followed the debate about enlargement very closely (5%) or fairly closely (15%). The next 30 will be harder. The debate against the expansion The decision to expand the NATO has created heated debates and arguments, both in favor and against of the decision. The issues are complex and need careful examination and extended public debate. Newly available sources show how the 1993–95 debate over the best means of expanding the North Atlantic Treaty Organization unfolded inside the Clinton administration. This case appears in several other sourcebooks, some of which have more complex topicality analyzes. Williams, Geoffrey Lee, "NATO's expansion: The big debate," NATO Review, May 1995. However, only a narrow plurality want its membership expanded (45% to 40%). Includes a discussion of the process for adding NATO members and a copy of the treaty. Source: DIA, current as of Oct. 2018. According to the U.S. Constitution, before the President can ratify a treaty, he must first obtain the advice and consent of the Senate. Depending on the countries admitted, debates in Congress have concentrated upon strategic and political issues, including … This research paper is attempting to answer how and why Russia failed to become integrated into NATO during the debates surrounding NATO expansion in the 1990s. With few exceptions, however, this debate focuses on single issues, such as whether enlargement led to the decline of the West’s relations with Russia. Promoting stability in non-NATO Europe formed the core argument for supporters of expansion, as extensive debate ensued in all involved countries. NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, was founded back in 1949 in the wake of World War II. NATO expansion began at the end of the Cold War, bringing the former Communist states of eastern Europe into the Western alliance. It would be a shame if sensible, earnest, and well-informed perspectives continue to be shut out of the debate by slanderous accusations that opposition to NATO expansion is … The subsequent push to expand NATO into Ukraine, the Cau-casus and even Central Asia has stalled, probably permanently. Scholars and policymakers continue to debate whether the West, and in particular the United States, promised the Russians that NATO would not enlarge to include former Warsaw Pact nations. NATO expansion helps deter Russian expansionism. Because such a step would mean important geopolitical […] The expansion led by the U S - led alliance was the largest and fastest in modern times NATO expansion this included two broken promises to Russia that the Kremlin has never forgotten. However, the membership of Ukraine to NATO will not be ordinary expansion move for NATO. Yes, NATO is still needed in the post-Cold War era, because NATO still serves an important purpose in providing a forum for people to air differences without it escalating into war. It was largely a response to the Soviet Union. In April 30, 1998, the U.S. Senate voted to ratify the accession of Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary as NATO allies, bringing 60 million people in Central Europe into the core Euro-Atlantic security structure in the first major adaptation of NATO in the post-Cold War period. The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. KENZO TRIBOUILLARD/AFP via Getty Images. In fact, NATO never had to use its military forces throughout the entire Cold War. The first NATO debate: expansion. One "myth" in particular kicked off a furious debate in e-mail threads, chat rooms, listservs, and on Twitter: "Russia was promised that NATO would not … * Your April 16 editorial's headline, "NATO's Pending Expansion: Silence Is Not Golden," should remind us of one additional silent group, the extremists in Russia. In the meantime, Sweden and Finland are continuing their active integration with NATO members, and as they take part in NATO exercises through the Partnership for Peace, they are aligned with NATO on a military level. Flags of NATO member countries fly at the alliance headquarters … In recent years, the US and NATO have been militarizing the Arctic through Norway as a means to confront Russia. A Pew Research Center poll found a 61% majority favoring maintaining NATO despite the end of the Cold War. Let's start at the beginning. That decision has frustrated youth advocates who oppose the measure. “NATO does not seek confrontation and poses no threat to Russia.” RFE/RL We provide what many people cannot get locally: uncensored news, responsible discussion, and open debate. Turning to the issue of nonproliferation: in several ways NATO expansion may slow progress in this area. Quincy Institute Debate – NATO Expansion: An Idea Whose Time Has Gone? - The Debate Over Enlarging the Atlantic Alliance, D. Haglund, ed. The solution is pre-emptive expansion in the other direction. NATO’s Expansion Debate. Set to dominate the two meetings are a raft of reform ideas first presented late last year by the alliance's chief, as well as the allies' planned withdrawal from Afghanistan in the coming months after nearly two decades on the ground, reports dpa news agency. Rand Paul. ... What I do think about his how to use NATO expansion to advance the broader, higher goal of European security unity and integration—a goal I know you share. Following a brief outline of the two theories, the activities of the alliance will be considered thematically, with conclusions drawn as to the strengths and weaknesses of each perspective in offering explanatory accounts. Suggests several exercises to help students better understand the NATO-expansion debate… In anticipation of a national debate on NATO expansion (a debate which will probably not happen), Ambassador Jonathan Dean drafted a critique of current administration plans with a recommendation for an alternate policy. September 2020. On 8/7/15 at 12:43 PM EDT. Nevertheless, given the complexity of the NATO expansion debate and the multitude of actors it involved, it is difficult, if not impossible, to accu- rately assess how much the Romanian diaspora discourse ultimately influ- enced the US decision makers with regard to granting NATO membership in … I therefore thought it important to determine whether clear U.S. guarantees to limit NATO expansion had been made, only to be broken later. The problem confronting Biden was that the issue of NATO expansion had left the alliance held hostage by both the anti-Russian posturing of its relatively new Polish and Baltic members and notions of a potential NATO membership on the part of post-Maidan Ukraine. Not to put too fine a point on it: NATO expansion may push nuclear abolition off the agenda for another decade or more. Enlargement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is the process of including new member states in NATO. Last week Britain, Germany and the United States agreed a plan to deploy four battalions with around 4,000 NATO soldiers in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. The remainder of this article proceeds in six sections. The problem confronting Biden was that the issue of NATO expansion had left the alliance held hostage by both the anti-Russian posturing of its relatively new Polish and Baltic members and notions of a potential NATO membership on the part of post-Maidan Ukraine. The first NATO debate: expansion. ... allowing the momentum of that country’s economic and military expansion to challenge and, in some areas, surpass what had previously been a region of uncontested American influence and control. Ben Aris, a former Moscow bureau reporter for Britain’s Daily Telegraph and the editor of the BNE IntelliNews business network, added that it failed to mention the work of a prominent scholar whose work on NATO expansion would have fitted less harmoniously with its argument. Estimates have put the expenditure at more than $125 billion annually if US goes ahead with the expansion strategy. Now is the time to dispense with the canard that NATO expansion was a mistake, returning the policy debate to where it belongs—on how to … Rather than engage in policy advocacy, my purpose is to analyze the debate on NATO expansion and examine the likely A NATO flag is pictured next to a statue on June 13, 2021, at Parc du Cinquantenaire in Brussels. Kennan’s prediction has been born out with NATO’s expansion (and NATO operations of the 1990s in the former Yugoslavia), convincing Russians that … By incorporating weak states with short democratic histories, expansion also undermines public support for NATO, one of the world’s most successful military alliances. body in the Swedish NATO debate Linus Hagström Abstract This article draws on identity construction, emotions and a notion of productive power to ... courses have since come to justify the continued existence and expansion of NATO in the post-Cold War period (Lödén, 2012). Many families in Belgrade, Novi Sad and Niš daily fled to bomb… However, the threat persists in a different form. NOTES. Its headquarters are located in Brussels, Belgium. A few days before, Jesse Helms, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, wrote President Clinton noting his … This militarization is increasing tensions between nuclear-armed nations. The dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and the protracted collapse of the Soviet Union into the Commonwealth of Independent States did remove the overwhelming threat of the USSR against Western Europe. Following an analysis of both sides of the issue, the final limit NATO expansion” (ibid.). Author Krista Burns Comments Off on NATO Expansion and the Multiculturalism Debate Over the last two decades, religion and multiculturalism in the West have been increasingly debated topics in the West. James Goldgeier argues that NATO expansion ‘was by no means inevitable’. tives for NATO to move into a vacuum. Mr. Muravchik identified three goals of NAI’s efforts to promote a broader dialogue about NATO. American Enterprise Institute 1789 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20036 Main telephone: 202.862.5800 Main fax: 202.862.7177 A ‘solidarity’ signifier was central to the interna- James Goldgeier argues that NATO expansion ‘was by no means inevitable’. While it is clear that the Baltic states will not be entering NATO anytime soon, it is worth noting that the arguments of those who opposed NATO… At the Airlie Cen-ter in Warrenton, Virginia, a diverse group of experts on both sides of the issue met to examine the proposal to expand, determine the dangers and benefits of expanding, and propose recommendations in response to expansion. the debate on NATO enlargement, which is the cost of extending NATO security commitment to Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania or the three Baltic States as they are often referred to. D o we really need another analysis of NATO enlargement? Moreover, NATO’s Kosovo campaign in 1999 did far more to shape anti-Western attitudes in Russia than NATO enlargement did. The Debate on NATO Expansion Eunika Katarzyna Frydrych * The Nature of NATO Enlargement: Alliance Theory This essay addresses the general rationale for creating and enlarging alliances. Communiqué issued by the Ministerial Meeting of the North Atlantic Council, December 1994. Strobe Talbott. Countless editorials have addressed the if, how, why, when, and who dimensions of NATO enlargement. Myth 03: ‘Russia was promised that NATO would not enlarge’ Contrary to the betrayal narrative cultivated by Russia today, the USSR was never offered a formal guarantee on the limits of NATO expansion post-1990. Some proponents of this option suggest that the stability and security issues, are European issues and, therefore, the EU should take the lead. The expansion debate is more of a declaration of the countries' stance to responding to Russia's actions than a purely military fix. The New Orleans City Council has placed an ordinance that would expand the city’s curfew and truancy laws to apply to 17-year-olds on its consent agenda — reserved for “routine or non-controversial matters” that are passed as a group rather than debated individually — at the upcoming Council meeting this Thursday. In the second section, I highlight conceptual and historical problems with the non-expansion pledge debate and suggest a revised standard against which to … KENZO TRIBOUILLARD/AFP via Getty Images. The process of joining the alliance is governed by Article 10 of the North Atlantic Treaty, which allows only for the invitation of "other European States", and by subsequent agreements. Reviews the history of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and describes the debate over expanding its membership. U.S. officials wanted to foster a democratic Russia … Coinciding with a period of extreme weakness in Russia, it represented a crushing defeat for Russian diplomacy, which had persuaded the Yugoslav president, Slobodan Milošević, that Russia could protect Serbia, a supposedly traditional ally, from NATO. Overall cost estimates for NATO expansion vary widely, from $14 billion to $125 billion. The Expansion Debate. NATO: A BRIEF HISTORY OF EXPANSION CRS Report for Congress NATO: A Brief History of Expansion Susanne Stetzer * Research Assistant Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division Summary NATO has admitted new members on three different occasions. Whether the U.S. promised that NATO would stay out of Eastern Europe is a proxy debate for a bigger issue. The arguments against the expansion of NATO include the problem of antagonizing a politically unstable Russia, the problem of consensus, and the problem of exclusion. Recently there has been a debate on religion in Canada spurred by the province of Quebec over the wearing of religious symbols in public spaces. It is important to remember the context of this statement: it was entirely consistent with his efforts to ensure Soviet forces did not engage militarily in the peaceful Velvet Revolutions. Making a statement on 14 June 2021 President of Ukraine Vladimir Zelensky, claimed that his country is going to become a member state of NATO and this was confirmed by NATO leaders[i]. The fact is, NATO expansion comes at a moment when Russia, sensing its deteriorating security situation, has abandoned its long standing nuclear "no first use" policy and is in the midst of a debate over whether, given the deplorable state of its conventional forces, its lack of budgetary resources and NATO's creep toward its borders, it should increase its reliance on tactical nuclear weapons. NATO’s past expansion and current efforts to bring Ukraine and Georgia into the alliance, despite a promise not to move closer to Russia, is irresponsibly provocative. According to M. E. Sarotte’s article, “How to Enlarge NATO: The Debate inside the Clinton Administration, 1993–95,” there are some compelling reasons to reopen the debate on one of the most pivotal decisions of the post-Cold War era. A NATO flag is pictured next to a statue on June 13, 2021, at Parc du Cinquantenaire in Brussels. First, I review the U.S.-Russian dispute over a NATO non-expansion pledge. Official Washington and the U.S. foreign policy community were equally torn: Some saw enlargement as an historic necessity, while others feared it would lead to renewed confrontation with the Russians and undermine NATO’s residual but not trivial role as a viable defensive military alliance. However, much has been made of Gorbachev’s statement that the expansion of NATO would be unacceptable in the German unification debate. Few Americans are thinking about the issue — just 20% have followed the debate about enlargement very closely (5%) or fairly closely (15%). During the Prague Summit of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 2002 on November 21-22, discussion about an invitation for ascension to the seven new members was high on the agenda. Biden wants NATO to project the strength it doesn’t have Joe Biden travelled to Brussels riding the wave of his “America is back” mantra. The Expansion of NATO is generally opposed on following four grounds [9] 1.The expansion involves huge expenditure to protect the allied countries. NATO basically exists to oppose Russia – or used to, anyway – so expansion is a policy towards Russia, so the argument goes. Judy Dempsey. Far from academic, the suggestion that NATO is the source of core Russian grievances makes it much harder to formulate tough measures. Now is the time to dispense with the canard that NATO expansion was a mistake, returning the policy debate to where it belongs—on how to urgently deter further Russian adventurism. expansion of NATO in March 1999, the contending sides become even more muddled. The costs of NATO enlargement have been subject to vigorous debate. Its proposal to initiate an alliance-wide debate regarding the "when and how" of NATO expansion was a positive step, one that could over time generate the needed comprehensive approach. The war of ideas still remains. This paper will examine the development of NATO throughout the post-Cold War era within the framework of the 'neo-neo' debate. The expansion of NATO into Eastern Europe was almost inevitable in the circumstances, even though it was badly tainted by Western triumphalism and sloppy Western diplomacy. This comes after years of NATO's enlargement policy in Eastern Europe. The House of Representatives on Tuesday voted to endorse further enlargement of the NATO alliance, after a brief debate in which no one mentioned Moscow's nervousness about such an expansion. Editor's Note: The article below has been retained as a guide to the debates that preceded further NATO expansion in 2004 (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovenia and Slovakia) and 2009 (Albania and Croatia). Bottlenose whales shepherded out of Scottish loch ahead of Nato drills. Program. 1998-2016: U.S. Policy Toward NATO Expansion 1999: NATO Bombing of Serbia and Montenegro Hacked Former NATO General Defends Plotting to Push Obama to … Fortunately, by late 1994, the Clinton administration had begun to fashion a more consistent and forward-looking policy on NATO expansion. The debate over enlarging the Atlantic alliance (Kingston, Ont. Yeltsin condemn NATO actions, CNN, 8 September 1995. In April 30, 1998, the U.S. Senate voted to ratify the accession of Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary as NATO allies, bringing 60 million people in Central Europe into the core Euro-Atlantic security structure in the first major adaptation of NATO in the post-Cold War period. Zbigniew Brzezinski acknowledges in "NATO -- Expand or Die?" It's a provocative argument and we think it misses the mark in a few important ways. The NATO Expansion Debate: Reviewing the Arguments. The attention, on the part of the NATO members and of the applicants, to the issue of costs associated with the

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