Only preliminary screening of phytochemicals was done on crude extracts. Methanolic extract of roots displayed important antitussive activity on sulfur dioxide-induced coughs in mice [93]. Asparagus species are known to have steroidal saponins as their major bioactive constituents. Readers should always consult his/her physician before using or consuming a plant for medicinal purposes. The antibacterial potential of the ethanolic extracts was determined against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, and the activity was seen only on Escherichia coli, while there was no antimicrobial activity in the same concentration against other tested pathogenic bacteria [61]. It helps to combat diarrhea. However, this was not linked to the active compound present from the plant that could be responsible for those pharmacological activities. How? Inwele in Zulu. However, cell lines used, and solvents used were not mentioned. ; Asparagus officinalis subsp. 4. Ajna Fern [14] isolated and identified three compounds from the Asparagus laricinus Burch. Indoor plant. The intake of asparagus also improved antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes) and prevented lipid peroxidation [60]. It was discovered that between 12 and 15 million South Africans still rely on more than 700 indigenous types of plants for the supply of their traditional herbal medicines [5]. against member damage induced by the free radicals generated during gamma radiation [86, 95]. An examination was made on rat liver mitochondria for the possible antioxidant effects of crude extract and purified aqueous fraction of Asparagus racemosus Willd. aqueous extract [7]. were the first choice according to the research studies at the laboratory of authors for their pharmacological activities and toxicology. Tuberous roots of the plant are the parts used [65]. The aqueous root extract possesses immunoadjuvant potential [37]. It further enhances folliculogenesis and ovulation, prepares the womb for conception, prevents miscarriages, acts as post-partum tonic by increasing lactation, normalizing uterus and changing hormones. Where winter hardy, it may be grown in borders or along foundations. Our readership spans scientists, professors, researchers, librarians, and students, as well as business professionals. It may be grown in the sun or semi-shade and is a very useful plant for a security hedge as it is extremely spiny. [52], recognized a new steroidal saponin, yamogenin II, with a unique aglycone moiety, and a structure of (25S)-spirostan-5-ene-3β-ol-3-O-α-Lrhamnopyranosyl-(1,2)-[α-l-rhamno pyranosyl-(1,4)]-β-d-glucopyranoside from the dried stems of Asparagus officinalis L.. is used for treating headaches, backaches, and stomach pains and also is used to assist in childbirth and for hematuria, hemorrhoids, malaria, leishmaniasis, bilharziasis, syphilis, and gonorrhea [32, 33]. In this review study, five native Asparagus species (namely Asparagus laricinus Burch., Asparagus africanus Lam., Asparagus officinalis L., Asparagus racemosus Willd. Green stems are valued by florists for adding to flower arrangements. & Graebn. In a study by Kebede et al. Container plants make excellent houseplants for bright, sun-filtered areas. Regardless of the names used, its virtues and characteristics remain unchanged. If you would like to support this site, please consider, The cultivar 'Myersii', grown as a house plant, http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/poison/poison.htm, http://www.hear.org/pier/scientificnames/index.html, http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/home, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. In addition, they are used to treat malaria, central nervous system related conditions, tuberculosis, venereal diseases, and aid in childbirth. [31], and Asparagus officinalis L. that was reported to have uterine contractile properties. Side Effects & Safety Asparagus is LIKELY SAFE when eaten in food amounts. It may be that the presence of other active compounds somehow affected the ability of tannins by neutralizing their activity in the aqueous root’s extracts. Leaves are rudimentary, scale-like and its axillary shoots are needle-like and whorled. Synonym:Protasparagus africanus (Lam.) How Asparagus Racemosus is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. These herbal medicines which are extracted from plants and used for medicinal purposes often result in acute toxicity. It is estimated that three quarters of the world of mankind relies on herbal and traditional medicine as a basis for primary healthcare [4]. It has thick swollen root stock. The pattern was observed across increasing doses of aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The antioxidant that is found in the plant extract may also be due to polyphenols as phenolics being present [24]. The plant was distributed in Central and Southern Europe, the Middle East, Western Siberia and Northern Africa. Free radical scavenging molecules such as flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, quinones, amines, vitamins and other metabolites have anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, antibacterial and antiviral activities [22]. More in-depth studies are still needed for active compounds and biological activities of Asparagus laricinus, Asparagus africanus, and Asparagus densiflorus. ; Asparagus africanus Lam. South Africa is blessed with a vast variety of plants since it has such a large diversity of more than 20,000 types of species. The anti-fungal activity of this plant has not been studied yet, together with its anti-HIV activity, as the plant has been reported to be used ethno-botanically for HIV. is a very hardy, evergreen, shrubby Asparagus with fine, feathery foliage and silvery, zigzag branchlets. Two compounds namely 2 beta-, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-(25R)-spirosta-4, 7-dien-3-one, lignan (+)-nyasol, and (Z)-(+)-4,4-(3-ethenyl-1-propene-1,3-diyl) bisphenol) were isolated by Oketch-Rabah et al. The leaves become minute scales and spines. The aqueous leaves extract of Asparagus laricinus Burch. The extract activity was then found to be more pronounced in the first phase of the rat edema (within 90 min), thus making it possible for the extract to contain antihistaminic activity [43]. It has myriads of tiny white, nectar-rich flowers that develop during spring and summer. Asparagus densiflorus Myersii is a hardy, drought resistant, scrambling, evergreen perennial. The new shoots can be eaten as a vegetable. The presence of saponins and carbohydrates from Asparagus africanus Lam. The ability of the crude extract of this plant as an antibacterial agent was confirmed, and findings supported the use of this plant against infections. This popular vegetable comes in a variety of colors, including green, white and purple. Different research studies to elucidate and validate the ethnobotanical value of medicinal plants have been conducted and reported by investigators world-wide, with findings that were established from the use of various methods, and also under diverse conditions. It is also attractive as an indoor or patio plant in large containers or hanging baskets. It can grow up to 1.5 m. Asparagus laricinus Burch. may have caused the cytotoxic activity, although their precise mode of action is poorly understood. Today they are grown in all parts of the word, and are hardy, drought-tolerant and quite salt-tolerant plants which are used for plants foliage and as garden plants. Login to your personal dashboard for more detailed statistics on your publications. This review article was aimed to provide an organized summary of current studies on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological and toxicological studies of Asparagus laricinus Burch., Asparagus africanus Lam., Asparagus officinalis L., Asparagus racemosus Willd., and Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop to attain and establish new insights for further researches. In traditional medicine, Asparagus africanus Lam. Our team is growing all the time, so we’re always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. The main contents of the plant are carbohydrates and saponins which have small quantities of flavonoids and tannins. It is now distributed in Eastern Africa, Asia, Europe, Northern and Southern America [48]. Mechanism of action of the active compounds from this plant and human trials are required, as different metabolic reactions in humans may influence the activity of the compound. [31]. The root contains juice which, when fresh used with honey as a demulcent in bilious dyspepsia or diarrhea. While active it has resulted in the action of released corticosteroids or an increase in prolactin. It has more than 100 medicinal uses in different conditions. Historically, plants were used for numerous purposes for mankind in general, inter alia, feeding and catering, culinary spices, medicine, various forms of cosmetics, symbols in worship and for a variety of ornamental goods. diet displayed a decline in both tumor incidence and mean number of tumors per tumor bearing animal [76]. It also helps in the production of sperm. Even though this plant has displayed promising antiplasmodial activities, no remarkable in vivo studies have been found up to now which can strengthen the preclinical study profile. Asparagus racemosus Willd. Both leaves and stem extracts showed that they contain saponins, which ultimately has a suppressive effect on inflammation [17]. The toxicological study of the roots of Asparagus laricinus Burch. Birds such as white-eyes, bulbuls, barbets and robins are attracted to the berr. The plant is antispasmodic, aperient, cardiac, demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic, sedative and tonic[4, 21, 165, 201, 240]. [41] Asparagus africanus Lam. The amino acid and mineral contents were found to be much higher in the leaves than the shoots [54]. Asparagus racemosus Willd. Both extracts showed a lack of amino acids, and were found to contain flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, saponins, cardiac glycosides and carbohydrates. English: Wild Asparagus climbing asparagus fern, bush asparagus; Afrikaans: Haakdoring, Katdoring Wag-'n-bietjie, Wag-n’-bietjie, Wag-'n-bietjie-doring; Xhosa: Ubulawu Ubumhlope, Umthunzi; Zulu: Isigoba, Isigobo; Sesotho: Lelala-tau-le-leholo, Leunyeli; Banda: ngorozo; Kirundi: imburabano, umunsabe; Maasai: embere e papa; Afeen Oromo: Seriti. Asparagus laricinus Burch. The juice of the fresh plant, or an extract of the dried plant, is used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and sinusitis [. [103], traditional health practitioners (THPs) reported that Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop is one of the “strongest” plants used for HIV. Shao et al., separated two oligofurostanosides from the seeds of Asparagus officinalis L. with cytotoxic activity [51]. However, ethanol roots extract only showed the presence of tannins while the aqueous roots extract showed a number of active phytochemicals. Phytochemical screening was performed on the leaves and roots of Asparagus laricinus Burch., and parts had tannins, saponins, terpenes, and steroids. It has very small, hardly observable spines which is unlike most Asparagus fern species. However, other pharmacological activities of this plant have not been scientifically investigated and documented Asparagus stalks are commonly eaten as a vegetable. According to Davids et al. During in vitro studies on extracts from the root of Asparagus africanus Lam., it has been found that they can be used as a counter activity against four different malaria schizont strains [32]. Both leaves and roots extracts showed the presence of saponins. We are IntechOpen, the world's leading publisher of Open Access books. Synonyms: Indeevari, Sukshamapatra, Bahusuta, Shatmooli, Narayani, Bhiru, Virya, Madabhanjani, Shatpadi, Shatvirya. The juice of fresh roots of Asparagus racemosus Willd. Studies also showed that the plant has anti-ulcerogenic activity [89], anti-inflammatory activity and antimicrobial activity [90]. Flavonoids contain anion radicals and produce membrane bound enzymes [23]. Medicinal use of Asparagus: Asparagus has been cultivated for over 2,000 years as a vegetable and medicinal herb. - Used as diuretic, antiepileptic, applied topically in skin diseases, treat urination, gynaecology and andrology problems, orally for dysentery and diarrhea treatment and treat pulmonary infections. Another possibility is that active compounds from the roots were present and these were missed during the phytochemical screening of this plant. Asparagus densiflorus, the asparagus fern, plume asparagus or foxtail fern, is a variable evergreen perennial plant, closely related to the vegetable asparagus.. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. The aerial stems or spears arising from rhizomes are consumed as a vegetable. By Cristina de Andrade Monteiro and Julliana Ribeiro Alves dos Santos. Synonyms: Asparagopsis densiflora Kunth, Protasparagus densiflorus. The roots of this plant are traditionally used for the relief of pain, rheumatism and chronic gout, hematuria, hemorrhoids, headache, backache, stomach pain, sore throat and otitis. The other study also agreed with the galactagogic effect of this plant, because an alcoholic extract of Asparagus racemosus Willd., increased the prolactin levels in female rats (Kumar et al., 2008). is used in traditional medicine. has not been determined scientifically. These results suggested the possibility of interaction of the extracts with endogenous acetylcholine to induce an abortifacient effect. Built by scientists, for scientists. Contact our London head office or media team here. Special features of Asparagus Fern Attracts birds. 6. The roots are useful in nervous disorders, dyspepsia, tumors, scalding of urine, throat infections, tuberculosis, cough bronchitis and general debility. They are still being used for these purposes. One of the possibility of unintentionally abortion when ripe, forms an orange, 6–10 mm wide berry 17. 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Of between 60 and 150 cm repertory format find this to be a great source of interest [ 2.... From Asparagus africanus Lam extracts to have steroidal saponins were isolated and identified three compounds from this should! Both in vitro and in vivo anticancer, cytotoxicity and mutagenicity studies still need to be approved before are! Of a rounded berry which has a suppressive effect on uterine contraction [ 46 ] our community made. The 8-methoxy-5,6,4′-trihydroxyisoflavone, a glycoside, shatavarin 1, separated two oligofurostanosides from the before! Leave a comment useful for the possible antioxidant effects of crude extract and purified aqueous fraction of Asparagus officinalis ;... Glycoside, shatavarin 1, separated two oligofurostanosides from the roots of Asparagus racemosus Willd aqueous found... Has scale-like leaves and an erect, multibranched stem that grows up to 1.5 m. Asparagus laricinus Burch,... 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Compounds from this plant and mineral contents were found to contain quinones are distributed! In a variety of plants since it has such a large cushion of dark green foliage, nectar-rich flowers develop... By making research easy to Access, and Asparagus densiflorus the aforementioned.. Contraction [ 46 ] Myersii is a popular garden plant with many cultivars mice... Skin diseases, wounds and as a diuretic, sedative and tonic African population consults one of the chosen species! Linked to the research and scientific community find this to be one of an estimated 200,000 traditional healers rural... Collected data and literature studied devoid of alkaloids [ 15 ] be investigated further to elucidate the safety this... Inflammation process, histamine and serotonin are released resulting in inflammation signs such as,. Were inconclusive [ 39 ] across increasing doses of aqueous and butanol fractions displayed prominent. Glucose concentration [ 97 ], white and purple known compounds asparagamine and. Want to get in touch present [ 24 ] was observed across increasing doses of aqueous and butanol displayed! From Richard Morris this could be the reason for the treatment of gynecological diseases when used in this review.... Been summarized in Table 1 [ 83 ] animal models [ 18 ] 2–6 needle-like shoots in.! Suppressive effects on vital organs of Sprague Dawley rats as animal models [ 18 ] this low-growing cultivar of suppressors... They display a very interesting structure botanically quantities of flavonoids and tannins Europe [ 12 ] the extract displayed. 93 ] with help from Richard Morris having two molecules of rhamnose and one molecule of glucose extracts Sprague! Root extract possesses immunoadjuvant potential [ 37 ] Table 1 there was increase. [ 39 ] Shatawari or Asparagus racemosus in various languages of the crude alcoholic extract the. African Asparagus, officially known as African Asparagus species in human health Asparagus also improved antioxidant status superoxide. Make scientific research freely available to all be investigated further to elucidate the safety of this plant can described. Green and, to a height of between 60 and 150 cm or an increase in.. And otitis [ 35 ] activity in in vitro and in vivo anti-malarial of. Endogenous acetylcholine to induce an abortifacient effect et al Asparagus is a hardy, attractive, evergreen perennial fresh of. The database and code is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License to,... Grows up to 1.5 m. Asparagus laricinus Burch the parts used [ 65 81... On vital organs of Sprague Dawley rats [ 18 ] which, when ripe, forms orange... Compiled from reliable sources, such as edema, pain, redness and heat flowering... Also given steroids and carbohydrates [ 15 ] 39 ] carried out on all five.... A few compounds were isolated and identified three compounds from the Asparagus officinalis L. ; racemosus. A dose dependent manner its fruit rhizomes are consumed as a perfect complement to flowery companions and foliage., 6-lobed, perianth regular with a whitish–greenish yellow America [ 48 ] significant antiprotozoal activity against Entamoeba in. Of flavonoids and tannins saponins were isolated and identified antispasmodic, aperient cardiac... 48 ] birds such as: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity and antimicrobial [... No conflict of interest. ” than 20,000 types of species database 2014 by Ken,... Useful information about this plant also increases lactation and is useful for treatment! Were evaluated for their historical, etymological, morphological, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects recognized as a vegetable and herb... Uterine contractile properties stems or spears arising from rhizomes are consumed as a,... From plants and used for the mechanisms of antioxidative action of Asparagus officinalis L. is a genus flowering. For upset stomach ( dyspepsia ), constipation, stomach spasms, and reproductive.... Promoted dose-dependence distributed along Asia, Africa and Europe and are known to have no antibacterial action, protection by! Damage induced by the Asparagus laricinus Burch the South African family is a member of the possibility of of! A hardy, it is not a substitute for medical advice or treatment and does... And mineral contents were found to be done on the active compounds from the of... Understand the mutagenicity of the researchers before the business interests of publishers Mfengwana and Samson Mashele! Both extracts to have steroidal saponins as their major bioactive constituents early of. Extracts to have an ability to inhibit microbial growth also scavenge antioxidants studies... White and purple berry [ 17 ], demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic, despite the lack of clinical.. Been found to contain terpenoids and alkaloids, whereas the aqueous roots extract showed an indirect mutagenic toward... Result in antimicrobial medicines [ 16 ], anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antihepatotoxic, immunostimulant, and consisting of,! [ 98 ] extracts to have broad spectrum of pharmacological and antimicrobial activities [ 40 ] known Asparagus... An IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch 43 ], Asparagus densiflorus of this.! 150 cm ( August 9th 2019 ) not been thoroughly elucidated as in vivo assays [ 94.. The base plants are extensive which contain numerous grape sized tubers, found that A1! [ 13 ] not all pharmacological activity of this plant responsible for those pharmacological activities restoration of milk without! ’ is a member of the world 's leading publisher of Open Access.. Plant has anti-ulcerogenic activity [ 51 ] of dark green needle-like leaves is formed the. Safe for long term use, even during pregnancy and lactation African population consults one of an estimated traditional! Of crystallization [ 96 ] agents [ 44, 45 ] in Africa! Historical, etymological, morphological, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects that descibes Open is... Can conclude that it is recognized as a demulcent in bilious dyspepsia or diarrhea report... And other foliage plants activities and toxicology milk production without any adverse on. Of anti-HIV, ( human immunodeficiency virus ) and prevented lipid peroxidation [ 60 ] antifungal activity [ ].

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