Such a state, he said, ''could not be large enough to defend itself.'' But the British public -- and the French, and the German -- were not allowed to know the numbers of the dead and wounded. 196. In psychological terms, the defense for indulgence in the horror of herem is projection -projection of ideas of herem as being held by others, or indulging in behavior which invites the ''Group-Fantasy of Martyrdom." "Israel stands morally naked. Mine is only the intention to declare that we, as rabbis, who are consecrated to the service of the Lord ... have no place in a movement in which Jews band together on racial or national grounds, and for a political State or even for a legally-assured Home." "You are going the wrong way about it," said Mr. Malcolm. fn. 34. All nationalisms arise in opposition to some ‘other’. A Programme for a New Administration of Palestine in Accordance with the Aspirations of the Zionist Movement was issued by the English Political Committee of the Zionist Organization in October 1916, and submitted to the British Foreign Office as a basis for discussion in order to give an official character to the informal house-talks. A stalemate in southern Palestine was broken by the Battle of Beersheba on 31 October 1917. In a letter of 20 November 1912 to the Zionist Executive, Weizmann mentioned Haldane as one of the important persons to whom he thought he could gain access: Zionist Archives. In a careful study, Prof. Alex M. Arnett showed in 1937 that Wilson had decided to put the United States into the war on the side of the Allies many months before the resumption of U-boat warfare by Germany, which was promoted as a sufficient reason.[182]. [ac] The community also noted that there was no reference to protecting their “political status” or political rights, as there was in the subsequent safeguard relating to Jews in other countries. Balfour Declaration 1917 „In der Balfour-Deklaration vom 2. Further, there were groups in every major European country which could see only in war the possible means to further their interests or to thwart the ambitions of their rivals. [10][E]  In 1880, there were about 60,000 Jews in England. The promotion on suitable lines of the colonization of Palestine by Jewish agricultural and industrial workers. ", The Zionists are not demanding in Palestine monopolies or exclusive privileges, nor are they asking that any part of Palestine should he administered by a chartered company to the detriment of others. "It is no wonder that the Germans, tempted as they may have been by its advantages, shrank from committing themselves to a pro-Zionist declaration." An overwhelming majority of them had always had the conviction that they were a nationality, which has been shared by non-Jews in all countries. 488-490. [16], The "Uganda proposal" split the Zionist movement. The formation of a strong Jewish community in Palestine would be considered as a valuable political asset. [339][340] Following the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine, and as worldwide tensions rose in the buildup to World War II, the British Parliament approved the White Paper of 1939 – their last formal statement of governing policy in Mandatory Palestine – declaring that Palestine should not become a Jewish State and placing restrictions on Jewish immigration. [115] James de Rothschild and Nahum Sokolow, the international Zionist leader, also spoke. [BB] [128], "After many years, ' wrote M. Picot, "I am still moved by the thanks he poured out to me as he gave me the two telegrams ... do not say that it was the cause of the great upsurge of enthusiasm which occurred in the United States, but I say that Judge Brandeis, to whom this telegram was addressed, was certainly one of the elements determining the decision of President Wilson." His followers organized to be ready for that time to further their ambitions through exploiting the rivalry of the Great Powers. They particularly took exception to Zionist Pressure for a Jewish chartered company invested with political and economic privileges in which Jews alone would participate, Since this was incompatible with the desires of world Jewry for equal rights wherever they lived.[137]. At this time the two events which were to twist the world into a new shape were occurring, the Russian Revolution and American entry into the war. [249] Later that month, on the first anniversary of the occupation of Jaffa by the British, the Muslim-Christian Association sent a lengthy memorandum and petition to the military governor protesting once more any formation of a Jewish state. M. Picot was the French representative in the negotiations. He preferred the alternative of a feint at Gallipoli, and a landing at Haifa or some other point on the Syrian coast. At the meeting David Lloyd George, then Chancellor of the Exchequer, “referred to the ultimate destiny of Palestine”. Both the ‘conquest of land’ and the ‘conquest of labor’ slogans that became central to the dominant strain of Zionism in the Yishuv originated as a result of the Zionist confrontation with the Palestinian ‘other’.”, Defries wrote: “Balfour had, at the least, acquiesced in Chamberlain’s earlier efforts to assist the Jews in finding a territory to establish a Jewish settlement. [111] Report of the Twelfth Zionist Congress (London: Central Office of the Zionist Organization, 1922), p. Perhaps the clue is that immediately after the election of Wilson, House had anonymously published a political romance entitled Philip Dru: Administrator. Brandeis joined in Zionist delight at the President's endorsement and wrote: "Since the President's letter, anti-Zionism is pretty near disloyalty and non-Zionism is slackening." Sonnino arranged for the secretary general of the ministry to send a letter to the effect that, although he could not express himself on the merits of a program which concerned all the allies, “generally speaking” he was not opposed to the legitimate claims of the Jews. These facts have at one time or another been mentioned in various books and articles, and are set out by Dr. Adolf Boehm in his monumental history of Zionism, "Die Zionistische Bewegung," Vol. ", Bryan had resigned as Secretary of State in June 1915 because he believed Wilson was jeopardizing American neutrality and showing partiality towards England. Such a claim in my opinion is clearly inadmissible and personally I do not think we should go further than the original declaration which I made to Lord Rothschild”.[171]. Lawrence added, “It is manifestly right that the Jews who are scattered all over the world should have a national centre and a national home where some of them may be reunited. [93] One of Sykes’ goals was the mobilization of Zionism to the cause of British suzerainty in Palestine, so as to have arguments to put to France in support of that objective. [an] I do not attach undue importance to this movement, but it is increasingly difficult to meet the argument that it is unfair to ask the British taxpayer, already overwhelmed with taxation, to bear the cost of imposing on Palestine an unpopular policy. His Majesty's Government regards as essential for the realization of this principle the grant of internal autonomy to the Jewish nationality in Palestine, freedom of immigration for Jews, and the establishment of a Jewish national colonization corporation for the resettlement and economic development of the country. See Journal of Psychohistory, Vol.6, No.2, Fall 1978, H.F. Stein, "The Psychodynamic Paradox of Survival Through Persecution," pp.151-210. Presented in this way, the Declaration was shown to be a natural, almost preordained event. Sykes’ official memorandum providing feedback on the meeting recorded the following: Ce sentiment de respect pour les autres religions dicte mon opinion touchant la Palestine, notre voisine. Were they paid or pure? The Balfour Declaration was a public pledge by Britain, declaring its aim to establish "a national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine. Britain's Great War Pledge To Lord Rothschild, To Benjamin H. Freedman, who committed himself to finding and telling the facts about Zionism and Communism. Maj.-Gen. J.F.C. It is to be feared that there will be a conflict between them and the other races. [101], The French position in regard to Palestine and the wider Syria region during the lead up to the Balfour Declaration was largely dictated by the terms of the Sykes-Picot Agreement, and was complicated from 23 November 1915 by increasing French awareness of the British discussions with the Sherif of Mecca. Advertisement . 1922) pp. To Wilson, House stated that "The Jews from every tribe descended in force, and they seem determined to break in with a jimmy, if they are not let in." [71] Lichtheim, Memoirs, Chapter XVIII; Stein, The Balfour Declaration, pp. He proposed that the declaration from the British government should state: “its conviction, its desire or its intention to support Zionist aims for the creation of a Jewish national home in Palestine; no reference must be made I think to the question of the Suzerain Power because that would land the British into difficulties with the French; it must be a Zionist declaration.”[85][142], A month after the receipt of the much-reduced 12 July draft from Rothschild, Balfour proposed a number of mainly technical amendments. Hence, Zionism was presented not just as the, Donald Lewis writes: “It is the contention of this work that only by understanding [Christian philosemitism and Christian Zionism] can one make sense of the religious and cultural influences that worked together to create a climate of opinion among the political elite in Britain that was well disposed to the Balfour Declaration.”, With respect to European schemes to encourage Protestant, Catholic and Jewish immigration to Palestine, Schölch notes that “But of the many colonization projects and enterprises, only two had any success: the settlements of, LeVine and Mossberg describe this as follows: “The parents of Zionism were not Judaism and tradition, but anti-Semitism and nationalism. [350] The Israeli government are currently in negotiations to arrange a second loan in 2018, with plans to display the document at Independence Hall in Tel Aviv. 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