The mid-hills, where pine is one of the most common species, is the greenest region in the country, with 37.8 percent of its land covered in forest. “It was in the interests of the people to protect forests and ensure that the forests’ resources were used sustainably, but when the Act restricted access to the forests, people no longer felt the need to protect them. Inoculant for Edible Pine Nut Trees - $22.50 per bag. Usage Frequency: 1 Although a correlation can be established between the amount of water pine trees require and the drying up of springs, there is no large-scale study that irrefutably shows that pine is behind the reduction in water levels. Before the Act came into effect, forested lands across the country were under individual and communal ownership, but the new law turned all forested lands in the country into public property. More than a decade before the afforestation drive began, the governments of Nepal and Australia had already started collaborating to identify which species of trees would be ideal to grow in the country’s mid-hills. At Pine Tree Apartments, we help open your eyes to all the possibilities of modern California living. Usage Frequency: 3 MyMemory is the world's largest Translation Memory. The Act states that plantation of indigenous species of plants in a single block of 50 to 100 hectares of land in the Tarai and 25 to 50 hectares in the hills, and imported species on a single block of 10 to 50 hectares in the Tarai and 5 to 25 hectares in the hills, will only be allowed after conducting initial environmental examination. Quality: The changes weren’t just limited to inside the forests. Usage Frequency: 1 For local building purposes, the wood of this tree is the least preferred, as it is the weakest and most prone to decay when compared with other conifers. “Rampant deforestation began when people learned that the government was planning to introduce the Private Forests Nationalization Act. The needles not only restrict water movement, but also impede grass from growing. Nepali. But as the pine trees grew, the water level started depleting. From professional translators, enterprises, web pages and freely available translation repositories. Ramita Thapa (left) and Kamala Ghimire, of Ravi Opi village in Kavre, Nepal, say that pine trees of the forest behind has caused water sources to dry up. Now, they have to walk at least half an hour,” he said. Usage Frequency: 1 “So except for timber, pine has no use for us farmers.”, “In a country like Nepal where people are still very dependent on forests, it’s very important to first understand what we want from our forests,” said Dangal. Pine needles are also inedible to both livestock and many wild animals, which is leading to a dual problem. Usage Frequency: 3 “If it’s just greenery and timber, then pine makes sense. Once planted, pine doesn’t need much tending either. Chir pine is widely planted for timber in its native area, being one of the most important trees in forestry in northern Pakistan, India and Nepal. The needles end up carpeting the forest floor, and when it rains, the needles create a barrier that stops rainwater from percolating into the ground and reaching the aquifers. Quality: “Some fifty years ago, Gosainkunda community forest had just shrubs and grass,” said 81-year-old Hari Bahadur Bhujel, a resident of Budol Village, which lies in the foothills of the forest. But all of them have dried now,” said Dibya Mani Adhikari, headmaster of the Naimisharanya Sanskrit Gurukul, which is located near the temple. According to an article published by Edith Cowan University in Perth, Australia, swathes of the Perth Banksia Woodlands were cleared and planted with pine trees to cater to the growing demand for timber. ALSO READ: Tree-planting programs defy deserts and drought. “My grandfather and father were among the many locals from the villages who planted the pine trees,” said Sherpa. Please click in the upper right corner to open it in your browser ! The oaks have alternate leaves, often variously lobed, and staminate flowers in catkins. Quality: However, he suggested blue pine was a better species overall. Coniferous Forest Plants and Trees. pine in eastern Nepal and observed little difference in survival, growth, and form. Reference: Wikipedia, Last Update: 2020-07-29 “There are some places in the mid-hills where there are thick pine forests but the villagers haven’t seen any reduction in water flow. The zone has 26% of the Nepal’s natural forest and of this forest cover, 3% is conifer, chir pine (Pinus roxburghii), 83% of hardwood with equal parts of chir pine and sal and 14% of mixed chir and hardwoods. Those might not show up in a list of toxic pine trees.For example, the Araucaria heterophylla is better known as the living Christmas tree, Norfolk Island pine, triangle tree, and star pine. Similar reports continue to be reported from countries across the world. Quality: To address this, the government, in 1976, formulated the National Forestry Plan. Nepali. Deforestation in the country became so rampant that by the 70s, Nepal’s forest coverage was decreasing by at least 1.7 percent annually, say experts. Results for oak tree translation from English to Nepali. Illegal deforestation became rampant,” he said. Copyright 1995 - 2020. We have never had to face such levels of water scarcity.”. Quality: Besides those trees, some 4,000 species of flowering plants, of which 20 are palms, are estimated to occur in the eastern Himalayas. Last Update: 2018-05-27 All rights reserved. “And in the 80s, in an effort to undo the decades of deforestation that had left vast tracts of forest lands barren, the government started a country-wide afforestation drive, and pine was chosen as the species to plant in the mid-hills.”. Reference: Anonymous, Last Update: 2019-12-15 Reference: Anonymous, Last Update: 2017-03-22 As the trees were cleared, the water level in the nearby Gnangara groundwater system rose. Usage Frequency: 1 Hari Bahadur Bhujel, a resident of Budol village in Nepal. Valley Homes Pvt. In 1999, the country’s forest cover stood at 39.6 percent and by 2016, it had increased to 44.7 percent. The forest department, according to Joint Secretary of Forest and Watershed Rajendra KC, is also conducting a trial in a pine forest in Kavre by planting Schima wallichii (chilaune) and chestnut (katus) trees to see what kinds of species can best survive in pine forests. “Apart from being very water thirsty, pine trees also have very fibrous roots. Duplex House Design Pine Tree Nepal Simple Designs Building A House Architecture Design Floor Plans Homes Simple Drawings. But the truth is, we don’t have scientific evidence to back those claims,” he said. Now there’s not even a single source remaining. Pinus wallichiana This variety of pine is native to India, Bhutan, Nepal, northern Pakistan. Usage Frequency: 2 Usage Frequency: 2 Quality: Quality: Some of the major tree species of Nepal are listed below in the tabular form. Quality: Infact, pine was the most abundant species the government planted in the mid-hills when it started its nationwide afforestation drive in the 80s. This report summarizes the results of a 2018 survey to examine the costs of forestry practices across the southeastern United States. These trees are found in a wide range of areas from eastern Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan and towards Yunnan in South west China. API call; Human contributions. For decades, a network of 10 springs located in the villages had ensured that villagers had plenty of water to drink, bathe, and feed their livestock. Reference: Wikipedia, Last Update: 2014-08-20 Each bag of inoculant is enough for 25 tree ( Using soil from underneadth white pine is not sufficient to inoculate these trees) We ship the edible nut pine trees to the United states Korean Pine - (Pinus koraiensis) Zone 2-9 - See Zone Map. These hills also had around four natural springs, where our livestock used to drink and bathe. Japan plans freezer buying binge as Tokyo sees record virus cases, Lebanese judge charges PM, ex-ministers over Beirut port blast, Yemeni government, separatists 'start executing Riyadh pact', Draft: EU will approve sanctions over Turkish drilling, Female journalist killed by gunmen in Afghanistan. Chinese Fan Palm. But if you depend on forests for fodder and fuel, then we have to diversify forest vegetation so that the needs of the people are met.”. Abstract. For this survey, three physiographic regions in the South were considered: the Southern Coastal Plain, Northern Coastal … It involves the genus name, and the specific name for naming an organism with the help of two names. “The hills look much more beautiful today than they did when they were barren.”. Purest stands of sal occur on well drained lowland ground in the centre. Quality: The Spruce, an evergreen, coniferous pine tree which took its name from Prussia where it traditionally came from; the Juniper another evergreen is a crucial ingredient in the flavouring of gin, and in medicines it is used as a diuretic. “Now the water is not even enough for human use, let alone livestock and wild animals. Usage Frequency: 2 Located inside the Gosainkunda Forest is its namesake temple, which once housed two ponds where pilgrims would take baths. is one of the most useful tree species in the Himalayan region.I studied the various indigenous uses and the structure of chir pine forests in the Uttaranchal Himalaya, India. It is also known as Himalayan long needle pine, long leaved Indian pine, Indian chir pine, chir or chil. This helps pine extract water collected deep within the soil, water that would have otherwise collected in aquifers. “Also, the soil quality of the barren mid-hills was poor, and pine doesn’t require fertile soil to grow. Even though the Act was introduced to prevent deforestation, it ended up facilitating the cutting down of trees, leading to unintended consequences, say both locals and experts. “Then we learned from government forest officials that pine trees deplete groundwater levels and inhibit the growth of other vegetation. To add another level of complexity and confusion is the fact that some trees we commonly identify as pines actually aren’t, yet they’re still toxic. Pine Tree. What this does is create a pine monoculture in the forest, reducing the forests’ biodiversity, which is crucial for any natural forest ecosystem.”. “The needles are acidic and change the pH content of the soil, hindering the growth of other trees and plants. “A few years into the pine plantation, we started noticing a depletion in water flow in all 10 springs. Reference: Anonymous, Last Update: 2015-06-07 Contextual translation of "pine tree" into Nepali. (ANISH REGMI / THE KATHMANDU POST). Three of the most common pines that were used for plantation were Pinus roxburghii (khote salla), Pinus wallichiana (gobre salla), and Pinus patula (patle/patula salla). For villagers, this was a big problem, as the plants and grass provided fodder for the livestock that many in the villages reared. (ANISH REGMI / THE KATHMANDU POST). “Residents of nearby villages brought their livestock to graze in these hills. Multiple reports from across the world have documented the manifold impacts of pine trees, including reduced vegetational diversity in forests and the drying up of water sources. Take advantage of a two, three, or four bedroom apartments near the fun and excitement of downtown, knowing you can retreat to a peaceful, well-kept community. Reference: Anonymous. Tamil Translation. The springs were also an important source of water for birds and wild animals. But as these pine trees began to mature, their environmental impacts began to unravel. The Nepal government, in its Environment Protection Rules 1997, came up with provisions to restrict the environmental impact of forest monoculture. They stretch throughout most of the 3,000-km length of this the world's youngest and highest mountain range. “The water shortage has made things so challenging that many families have stopped rearing livestock or have reduced the number of animals. “It is these trees that are making our lives so difficult.”. But once pine trees were planted here some 30 years ago, water sources started drying up. Elders from nearby Karki Gaun tell me there used to be around a dozen seasonal springs and a few perennial springs in these hills. It’s poisonous to pets, such as cats and dogs (2). “This is the reason why we don’t often see much grass growing in pine forests,” said Shrestha. Everything that was happening in our villages started to make sense,” said Sherpa. A tree–ring oxygen stable isotope chronology based 223 years (AD 1778–2000) long June–September PDSI reconstruction for western Nepal (Sano et al., 2012) shows an increasing aridity in western part of Nepal Himalaya with a decreasing trend of precipitation/moisture over the past two centuries, and reduction of monsoon activity. Despite the fact that pine has become the predominant species in the mid-hills after the government’s afforestation drive, there have been few national studies regarding the consequences of these trees on the environment and on human settlements. This helps pine extract water collected deep within the soil, water that would have otherwise collected in aquifers,” said Dangal. The government’s drive to plant trees in the mid-hills began in the 80s and continued well into the mid-2000s. Quality: The problem with pine trees is not something that has gone unnoticed by the government. Many private owners, worried that they might have to hand over the land, started clearing forests,” said Ananta Bhattarai, forest lead at WWF Nepal. But a few years into plantation, their negative impacts began to emerge. “But the ponds are now empty. “There have been multiple incidents where people told me how water sources started drying once pine trees were planted. FLOOR … 22. © Copyright 2007 valleyhomes.com.np • Contact Us • Sitemap Designed By Mirage Technologyvalleyhomes.com.np • Contact Us • Sitemap Designed By Mirage Technology Large arching pinnate leaves grace the top of this single long stem. There Reference: Anonymous, Last Update: 2015-08-04 “Plants like chutra, banmara and titepati, which grew in abundance in the hills, started dying and disappearing from the forests. Some fifty years ago, Gosainkunda community forest had just shrubs and grass. Quality: Usage Frequency: 47 “People from my village only had to walk five minutes to get grass and fodder for livestock. Shambhu Prasad Dangal, Country representative for RECOFTC (The Center for People and Forests) Nepal. Find more words! Reference: Wikipedia, Last Update: 2014-08-20 பைன் மரம் Paiṉ maram. We use cookies to enhance your experience. Research in 2006 showed that Nepal has 6,391 flowering plant species, representing 1,590 genera and 231 families. Whitebark pine that have succumbed to mountain pine beetles through the Gros Ventre area east of Jackson Hole, Wyo. Reference: Anonymous, Last Update: 2014-08-20 Reference: Anonymous, Last Update: 2020-08-06 Reference: Wikipedia, पाइन सिटीCity name (optional, probably does not need a translation), Last Update: 2020-08-15 It’s not a true pine (1). Pinus wallichiana is called as Bhutan Pine or Himalayan Blue Pine. Silvicultural techniques like thinning and tending to the pine forests after a certain period of time would have helped a lot,” said Bhattarai. The suspected impacts of pine trees are not just limited to water intake. Site preparation activities remove or reduce competing vegetation, reduce or remove unwanted trees and logging debris, and/or prepare the soil to promote the growth and survival of desired tree species. The tabular form includes name of tree species in widely and standard naming system that is binomial nomenclature and the popular name in Nepal. Bigger pines drain up to 80 litres per day. Most trees growing in these forest regions are cone-bearing gymnosperms, meaning their seeds are bore exposed, without … Nepali Meaning: कटुस, ओक consisting of or made of wood of the oak tree; a solid oak table; the old oaken bucket / the hard durable wood of any oak / Any tree or shrub of the genus Quercus. By continuing to visit this site you agree to our use of cookies. चीड chir [Hindi]; 西藏长叶松 xu mi chang ye song [Chinese]; ചരളം [Malay]; Khote sallo [Nepali]; Sarala [Sanskrit]; Chir pine, Imodi pine. The Latin for pine tree is pinus. Reference: Wikipedia, Last Update: 2014-08-20 Quality: “When you carve hills to build roads and other building activities, there are high chances of disrupting the natural flow of underground water channels,” he said. Reference: Anonymous, Last Update: 2020-02-07 Quality: Usage Frequency: 2 For many years, the villagers remained unaware of what was behind the changes in the village’s natural ecosystem. The Himalayan subtropical pine forests are a large subtropical coniferous forest ecoregion covering portions of Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Pakistan . October 2020. U.S. officials say climate change, beetles and a … But in the forests behind Nurpu Sherpa’s house, there is still nothing apart from pine trees. What is a coniferous tree. KATHMANDU - Three decades ago, the hills behind Nurpu Sherpa’s house were barren and ugly. If so, then Pine Tree Helicopters is the place for you. It has been created collecting TMs from the European Union and United Nations, and aligning the best domain-specific multilingual websites. Now there’s not even a single source remaining.”. These hills also had around four natural springs, where our livestock used to drink and bathe. According to KC, there are many other factors that are contributing to the depletion in water levels, with rampant road building across the hills being a prime reason. In 2010, when Shrestha travelled to Gosainkunda Community Forest, a pine forest in Dhulikhel, to conduct a soil test, the villagers told her that the water level in the springs had started decreasing after the pine trees were planted. Usage Frequency: 2 A lot of the negative impacts of pine trees, say experts, could have been avoided or minimized had the country focused on forest management measures alongside aggressive tree plantation. Apart from being very water thirsty, pine trees also have very fibrous roots. This huge pine forest stretches for 3000 km across the lower elevations of the great Himalaya range for almost its entire length including parts of Pakistan's Punjab Province in the west through Azad Kashmir, the northern Indian states of Jammu and … But once pine trees were planted here some 30 years ago, water sources started drying up. At higher elevations those species give way to mountain forests in which the typical evergreen is the Himalayan screw pine (Pandanus furcatus). Reference: Anonymous, Last Update: 2014-01-17 Nepal’s share of flowering plant species is 2.76 percent of the global total compared to earlier records of 2.36 percent. That is not the case with many broadleaf deciduous trees, which shed their leaves during the winter season, lessening the trees’ water intake. According to WWF’s Bhattarai, pine trees shed pine needles, which take longer to decompose than leaves from broadleaf trees. 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