Of the Scharnhorst's total crew of 1,968 men, only 36 survived. Repairs lasted until 26 February. Seller 99.9% positive. A massive internal explosion - probably in an ammunition magazine below a forward gun turret, had blown off her bow. Similarly to most other German installations, those turrets had an electric system of rotation, but all other operations were hydraulic systems. … Buoyed by a top speed of 31.5 knots, this battleship wreaked havoc on Allied shipping with its nine 11-inch guns. Only one bomb found its mark, but it failed to explode. They were mounted in six Dop. The Scharnhorst class was a class of German battleships (or battlecruisers) built immediately prior to World War II. In the engagement with Glorious, Scharnhorst achieved one of the longest-range naval gunfire hits in history. Turrets "B" and "C" were to be removed and transferred to Norway to serve as coastal defense guns. [31] Scharnhorst stopped to pick up survivors, but the arrival of the cruiser HMS Newcastle prompted the German ships to withdraw. Join us now! The gun turrets for the main battery had 360 mm (14 in) thick faces, 200 mm thick sides, and 150 mm thick roofs. [60] On 25 December, the location of the convoy was ascertained, and at 19:00 the ship left port, under the command of Rear-Admiral Erich Bey. Scharnhorst propellors [8] The slopes connected to the lower edge of the main belt, an arrangement referred to as the "turtle deck. However, an attack by British midget submarines badly damaged the Tirpitz, leaving the Scharnhorst to operate alone. The second radar set was emplaced on the rear main battery gun director. Shortly thereafter, Belfast fired star shells to illuminate the target, and Norfolk opened fire with her 20.3 cm (8 in) guns; in the span of 20 minutes, she hit Scharnhorst twice. Only 36 men were rescued, out of a crew of 1,968. [29] In mid 1939, the ship conducted trials in the Baltic Sea; as with Gneisenau, the ship's low freeboard necessitated the installation of the "Atlantic bow", which was completed in August 1939. [66] This time, Scharnhorst had better luck with her gunnery; at 12:23, Norfolk was hit twice by 28.3 cm shells. "Lucky Scharnhorst", as she was known in Germany, was a focus for national pride. [29] During her launch, the ship sustained minor damage to her stern; the chains slowing her slide down the slipway broke, and the ship drifted too far and became beached on the opposite shore. Scharnhorst's loss was an enormous psychological blow to the German nation. Her conning tower was set back a little from the two forward turrets, near the funnel. To this end, he authorized two more ships—the D class—to augment the three Deutschland-class Panzerschiffe (armored ships). When used to engage surface targets, the guns had a maximum range of 17,700 m (19,357 yd) at an elevation of 45°. The Scharnhorst set sail, unaware that she was being lured into a carefully constructed Royal Navy trap with two convoys providing the bait. [32], On 7 April 1940, Scharnhorst and Gneisenau formed the primary covering force for the invasions of Narvik and Trondheim in Norway during Operation Weserübung. Paints. Both the turrets and pedestal mounts enabled barrel depression to −10°; the turrets allowed elevation to 40° while the pedestals limited it to 35°. [6] They marked the beginning of German naval rearmament after the Treaty of Versailles. Scharnhorst was a German capital ship, alternatively described as a battleship and battlecruiser, of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine. At 85°, they had an effective ceiling of 6,800 m (22,310 ft), though tracers were limited to 4,800 m (15,750 ft). The German Navy battleship Scharnhorst joins the 1/200 Warship Series of model kits from Trumpeter! This was confirmed at Bletchley Park, which had cracked the German Navy 'Enigma' code, and was listening into German radio traffic. In-box reviews. At the time, only "C" turret on Scharnhorst remained operational; surviving gun crews transferred ammunition from the disabled "A" and "B" turrets to "C" turret. During the engagement, Scharnhorst fired 212 main battery shells. Aft of the rear gun turret the belt decreased to 200 mm (7.9 in), and eventually tapered down to nothing at the stern. [1][f] Glorious was hit by at least three shells and reduced to a burning hulk, and at 19:00 the carrier capsized and sank. Almost 60 years later, a Norwegian underwater survey vessel searched the 25 square kilometres of the seabed surrounding that official position. Remembering the incident, Rex Chard, Navigating Officer on one of the destroyers, remarked, 'in sea-warfare one is always very sorry for the sailors. Almost immediately the Scharnhorst is hit by a … [25] All of these sections were composed of Wotan Hart (Wotan Hard) steel. The entire bow section remains together as a mass of wreckage and armour, but separated from the main wreck. Her captain ordered the ship to stop while temporary repairs were conducted, which lasted for about 30 minutes. They marked the beginning of German naval rearmament after the Treaty of V… His previous film for the BBC, The Other Lockerbie, reported on the shoot-down - by the American missile-cruiser USS Vincennes - of an Iranian airliner and its 290 civilian passengers. Their upper armored deck was 50 mm (2.0 in) thick, and backed by the main armor deck. [18] He was also reminded that, despite the allowances of the Anglo-German Naval Agreement, the British had historically been sensitive about increases in main gun calibers aboard German capital ships. She signalled: 'To the Fuhrer.  © [1], The ships carried a secondary battery of twelve 15 cm SK C/28 L/55 quick-firing guns. Attempts to sail on 7 and 23 January were aborted after the navy received reports of heavy activity at British air bases in Britain. It was as good as over. All three types of shells used the same propellant charges: an RPC/38 42.5 kg (93.7 lb) fore charge and an RPC/38 76.5 kg (168.6 lb) main charge. At 12:00, Belfast again picked up Scharnhorst, and in 20 minutes were again in range. She was the lead ship of her class, which included one other ship, Gneisenau. In the case of triple-screw ships, this would have meant more than twice the horsepower per shaft of the Panzerschiffe, and in the case of a quadruple-screw ship, this would have amounted to more than 40,000 horsepower per shaft. At maximum elevation, the guns could hit targets out to 40,930 m (44,760 yards). Fraser then signalled Home Fleet Headquarters 'Scharnhorst sunk'. On the night of 9–10 April, British high-level bombers attacked both Gneisenau and Scharnhorst. Following the skirmish with Rawalpindi, the Scharnhorst completed repairs and deployed on another expedition. The battlecruiser was a symbol of Germany's global reach. Gneisenau was put into dry dock for repairs, which were prolonged by further British air raids. In early 1942, the two ships made a daylight dash up the English Channel from occupied France to Germany. [26] The underwater protection system was constructed out of several layers: the outer layer that was between 12–66 mm (.47–2.6 in) thick, directly underneath the main armored belt, was designed to detonate the torpedo warhead. Once there, conversion work began: the wrecked bow was removed and her "B" and "C" turrets were removed and disassembled for transport. [40][43][44], Brest was comfortably within range for air attack from Britain. Also, the beam of 30 m meant that the protection system had to be weaker around the main battery turrets, as a significant amount of the hull space was taken up by the magazines and barbettes. [g] On 6 April, four Beaufort torpedo-bombers attacked Gneisenau after she had been moved to a buoy from dry dock. [14] The first design, completed in 1928, called for a 17,500 long tons (19,600 short tons) battlecruiser armed with eight 30.5 cm (12 in) guns in four twin gun turrets,[15] based on the design for the Ersatz Yorck-class battlecruisers that had not been completed during the war. The 38 cm turret was eventually used in the Bismarck-class battleships. "Germany 3.7 cm/L83 (1.5") SK C/30 3.7 cm/L83 (1.5") SK C/30U", "German 2 cm/65 (0.79") C/30 2 cm/65 (0.79") C/38 AA MG", German naval ship classes of World War II, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scharnhorst-class_battleship&oldid=1007188651, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 3 three-bladed propellers, 4.8 m (15 ft 9 inch) diameter, This page was last edited on 16 February 2021, at 22:09. Scharnhorst and Gneisenau operated together for the early years of World War II, including sorties into the Atlantic to raid British merchant shipping. If they could not be evacuated, Hitler ordered that they were to be decommissioned in Brest. The main armament of the Scharnhorst was nine 28cm guns in three turrets. [63] The cruisers HMS Sheffield, Belfast, and Norfolk were positioned to block Scharnhorst. Beyond this was a fuel bunker with an 8 mm (0.31 in) thick outer wall; this would absorb any remaining explosive force. [49] The ship listed at 8°, after having taken in between 1,520 long tons (1,700 short tons) and 3,050 long tons (3,420 short tons) of water; the list was reduced to 2° by counter-flooding. However, would a search of this new area of seabed be any more fruitful? The rotating mass of the turret was 750 tons (internal barbette diameter 10.2 m), and traversing speed was 7.2 deg/sec. 'Grand. In the sea north of Tromsø in Norway, the great German battleship Scharnhorst was on a mission to sink an Allied supply convoy bound for Russia. Commissioned in 1939, the ship mounted a main armament of nine 11-inch guns and was capable of 31 knots. The Scharnhorst was built by the War Naval Shipyard Wilhelmshaven, Germany, and launched on October 3, 1936. Trumpeter models 5317 1/350 German Admiral Hipper Heavy Cruiser 1 9580208053172. He was primarily concerned with the possibility of a limited war with France, which would require the protection of German sea lanes. The layout of the surviving weaponry, like torpedo launchers and gun-turrets, leaves no doubt. Scharnhorst was a battleship/battlecruiser that served with Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. It was connected to the lower portion of the sloped deck, at an angle of 10°; two riveted angled bars held it in place. The guns were put into reserve in 1984, but continued to be fired during annual training. By Norman Fenton All of this armor was KC steel. Read more. After operations in the North Sea that resulted in the sinking of several British transports, Admiral Hipper and the destroyers were detached to refuel in occupied Norway. [8], Scharnhorst and Gneisenau had a crew of between 56 to 60 officers and 1,613 to 1,780 enlisted men. The ships were to be redeployed to Norway, to assist in the disruption of convoys to the Soviet Union, as well as the defense of occupied Norway. On 19 December 1943, during a conference held in Hitler's Wolfsschanze headquarters, Admiral Doenitz informed the Fuhrer that 'Scharnhorst will attack the next allied convoy headed from England to Russia.' The sinking of the Scharnhorst was an enormous psychological blow for the German nation, at the height of World War Two. The ships both had a beam of 30 m (98 ft 5 in). [77] Her 15 cm guns were placed as coastal batteries in Denmark. A German battleship designed for raider operations and fighting cruisers, including battlecruisers. A 1000 lb bomb penetrated the armored deck just ahead of the forward turret; shell splinters detonated the ammunition magazine, which did tremendous damage to the bow of the ship and burnt out "A" turret; 112 men were killed and another 21 were injured. The simulator transforms itself into the bridge of HMS Duke of York as it was at noon on 26 December 1943. Belfast picked up Scharnhorst on radar at 08:40; forty minutes later lookouts on Sheffield spotted the ship, at a distance of 11,000 m (12,000 yd). Scharnhorst was hit at least four times by torpedoes fired by HMS Scorpion and HNoMS Stord. [64] The second hit destroyed Scharnhorst's forward Seetakt radar. The third also failed to detonate. The ships' hulls were constructed from longitudinal steel frames, over which the outer hull plates were welded. This hit temporarily reduced her speed to 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph), but repairs quickly allowed her to steam at 22 knots (41 km/h; 25 mph). The ship was immobilized briefly—between 15:49 and 16:01, all three turbines were restarted and the ship resumed a speed of 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph). [22], Scharnhorst was powered by three Brown, Boveri, & Co geared steam turbines, while Gneisenau was equipped with three Germania geared turbines. The KMS Scharnhorst was the lead ship of the Scharnhorst class of fast battleships. Last updated 2011-02-17. This requirement was beyond the diesel technology then available, and devising engines that could meet this demand would take an unforeseeable amount of time. The rather small caliber of her main battery guns was her main drawback, but that was offset by her higher rate of fire. [58] On 8 March, Scharnhorst and four destroyers departed Gotenhafen; she arrived off Narvik on 14 March. In September 2000, in an attempt to answer this question, HU Sverdrup II, an underwater research vessel operated by the Norwegian Defence Research Institute, sailed from Hammerfest in arctic Norway. It was decided to use superheated steam propulsion, as the required total output for the desired speed was three times that of the Panzerschiffe. Earlier in 1943, Hitler had told his admirals that their Navy was 'utterly useless'. When they opened fire, Scharnhorst was taken totally by surprise, and a shell from HMS Norfolk destroyed the Scharnhorst's radar. The intent of the operation was to draw out British units and ease the pressure on the heavy cruiser ("pocket battleship") Admiral Graf Spee, which was being pursued in the South Atlantic. Repairs were effected over the following six months. [17], The construction of new D-class cruisers were canceled to make way for Scharnhorst and Gneisenau. Scharnhorst was a German capital ship, alternatively described as a battleship or battlecruiser, of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine.She was the lead ship of her class, which included one other ship, Gneisenau.The ship was built at the Kriegsmarinewerft dockyard in Wilhelmshaven; she was laid down on 15 June 1935 and launched a year and four months later on 3 October 1936. During the battle of North Cape, a force led by the Royal Navy battleship HMS Duke of York sank Scharnhorst. As is her entire poop deck, with the stern anchor still in place. Half an hour later, muzzle flashes were observed, from what turned out to be the old battlecruiser HMS Renown which had been part of the cover for a British minelaying operation. A third try on 10 February terminated when Scharnhorst ran aground while trying to avoid collision with a U-boat. $127.36 [76], The ship was then disarmed and all but abandoned in the harbor. The engines were rated at 160,000 metric horsepower (157,811 shp; 117,680 kW) at 265 revolutions per minute (rpm), and on trials produced up to 165,930 PS (163,660 ihp; 122,041 kW) at 280 rpm. Schlachtschiff Scharnhorst 2 German battleship Scharnhorst – 280 mm gun turrets Scharnhorst Kiel 1940 German battleship Scharnhorst underway Scharnhorst – forward control tower with a 10,5 m rangefinder Scharnhorst turret and its aircraft catapult Kriegsmarine Battleship Scharnhorst Battleship Scharnhorst bow view "C" Turret remains in Trondheim, Norway at Austrått Fort; the Norwegian government offered without success to return the turret to Germany for display in a museum. $121.95 + shipping. The loss of the Scharnhorst marked the beginning of the end for the era of the big gun. New battleships, battlecruisers, pocket battleships, and heavy and light cruisers were built during the 1930s. The British shadowed her, and relayed position reports to Admiral Fraser in Duke of York. Read more. "[24] The slopes significantly increased armor protection in the critical areas of the ship. The crew was augmented by another 10 officers and 61 men when serving as a squadron flagship. Reports of British ships in the area forced the ship to seek refuge in Stavanger for two days, before she resumed the journey to Kiel. [d] The armored belt was 350 mm (14 in) thick in the central portion of the ship, where the critical areas of the ship were located. They were characterized by a larger size, greater speed and more powerful weapons. The ships were armed with nine 28 cm (11 in) SK C/34 guns in three triple turrets; plans to replace these with six 38 cm (15 in) SK C/34 guns in twin turrets were never realized. The rear conning tower was less well armored, with sides and a roof that were only 100 mm (3.9 in) and 50 mm thick, respectively. [69] The hits from Duke of York disabled most of Scharnhorst's armament in the process. They were supplied with between 1,600–1,800 shells, or 133–150 shells per gun. During that refit, a large hangar for the ship's aircraft was added amidships. Near Terschelling, Gneisenau struck a mine that did minor damage to the hull, and the explosive shock damaged one of her three turbines. [31], On 21 November, Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, the light cruisers Köln and Leipzig, and several destroyers conducted a sweep between Iceland and the Faroe Islands; during the operation, the German ships encountered the British armed merchant cruiser HMS Rawalpindi; Scharnhorst sank the ship, but in the process sustained a hit from one of Rawalpindi's 152 mm guns. Muzzle velocity for the AP shells was 890 meters per second (2,920 feet per second); the guns were expected to fire 300 rounds before enough wear had been incurred to warrant replacement. More about the Battleship Scharnhorst-class battleship. It was extremely strong amidships, but weakened on either end of the citadel. The bunker was supported by longitudinal stiffeners and transverse bulkheads. Gneisenau shipped some 3,050 metric tons (3,000 long tons; 3,360 short tons) of water, which caused her to list 2° and settle lower in the water. Over the course of the war, 300 air raids made Brest one of the most bombed cities in France. The shock force of the explosion also did a great deal of internal damage; fuel tanks were ruptured and electrical systems were damaged. [8] The side protection system could not be penetrated by a 2,240 lb (1,020 kg) 16 in (406 mm) shell at any range over 11,000 m (12,000 yd). Unknown to the German command, the convoy’s British escort, led by Admiral Sir Robert Burnett and Admiral Bruce Fraser, had successfully intercepted the Scharnhorst’s radio communications. The ships' stern was also frequently "wet", they were very slow entering a turn, and always required assistance from tugboats in shallow waters. [75], On 4 April, Gneisenau, along with the icebreaker Castor and the old pre-dreadnought Schlesien departed Kiel for Gotenhafen. They were the first class of German ships to be officially classified by the Kriegsmarine as Schlachtschiff (battleship). [68], Shells from Scharnhorst's main guns struck Duke of York's mast and disabled her surface radars. At 1617, the battleship Duke of York of Force II (Admiral Fraser) obtains radar contact with Scharnhorst from 42,500 meters (46,480 yards), and after closing the range to 10,900 meters (11,920 yards) opens fire at 1648. Scharnhorst wreck The German ships therefore broke off the attack. This deck was 20 mm (0.79 in) thick aft, increased to 50 mm in the central portion of the ship that contained the ammunition magazines and machinery spaces, and decreased down to 20 mm in the bow. Instead, she was sunk as a blockship in Gotenhafen in 1945; the wreck was broken up for scrap in the 1950s. [28], Gneisenau was laid down on 3 May 1935 at the Deutsche Werke in Kiel. The first capital ships of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, it comprised two vessels: Scharnhorst and Gneisenau. Hitler wanted to follow this course so he would not be seen as overtly flouting the Treaty of Versailles. She often operated with her sister Gneisenau early in World War II, including on raids against Atlantic merchant shipping. The sinking of the Scharnhorst was an enormous psychological blow for the German nation, at the height of World War Two. When Scharnhorst was sunk, work on her sister was abandoned. and a destroyer replied that she has already picked up survivors. And Scharnhorst now be fought for scrap metal then signalled Home fleet Headquarters sunk... Of seabed be any more credible than the official position the Germans instead! Of Dover, a flight of six Swordfish torpedo bombers attacked the ships were by... [ 68 ], to combat the German commander to break off the engagement, and! Itself into the German Navy battleship Scharnhorst and Gneisenau and all but abandoned in the water greater and! 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