This is ambiguous because it is unclear whether "a maid" is an appositive describing Betty, or the second in a list of three people. In Canada, the stylebook published by The Canadian Press advises against it. It was, moreover, a very poor effort. S hould you use a comma before and/or after “etc.”? By contrast, the Associated Press Stylebook advises against it. Find out: Tip: Bookmark that page. You should not use a comma before and if you’re only mentioning two qualities. AP Style—the style guide that newspaper reporters adhere to—does not require the use of the Oxford comma. [18][19], The new United Kingdom 50p coin commemorating Brexit day, 31 January 2020, was minted with the phrase "Peace, prosperity and friendship with all nations". Nevertheless, the style that seems to be recommended the most is to always include a comma before “etc.”; it is recommended even by those who discourage the use of the Oxford comma (the comma before the last item in a list). There is a ferocious grammatical debate over whether a comma should go before the final conjunction in a series of three or more elements. The AAMT Book of Style for Medical Transcription, Claudia Tessier, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage, "Serial comma - Oxford comma - Harvard comma", "The case of the $13 million comma and why grammarians are rejoicing", "Lack of Oxford Comma Could Cost Maine Company Millions in Overtime Dispute", "The Best Shots Fired in the Oxford Comma Wars", "Commas: the biggest little quirks in the English language", "The Oxford comma is an abomination, but it's now the law", "The Oxford Comma Is Extremely Overrated", "Oxford Comma Decides Court Case in Maine Labor Dispute", "Maine Legislative Drafting Manual 113 (Legislative Council, Maine State Legislature 2009)", "A Few Words About That Ten-Million-Dollar Serial Comma", "Oxford Comma Dispute Is Settled as Maine Drivers Get $5 Million", "Title 26: Labor and Industry, Chapter 7: Employment Practices, Subchapter 3: Minimum wages, §664. You can, however, proceed with the corrections. Use a comma before and after, however, moreover, furthermore, and therefore. Where space is at a premium, the comma adds unnecessary bulk to the text. Even though the Oxford Comma is named after the Oxford University Press (who still use it), most Brits do not use an Oxford Comma. Sam, and Sarah take excellent care of their pets. Consider this apocryphal book dedication:[23]. Both are correct, as commas must be used after every clause, except the one that comes before ‘and’. Oxford comma (also known as the "serial comma" or "Harvard comma") is the name given to the optional final comma in a series. If the information is appropriate for the lead of the article, this information should also be included in the body of the article. [28], In the U.S. state of Maine, the lack of a serial comma became the deciding factor in a $13 million lawsuit filed in 2014 that was eventually settled for $5 million in 2017. It’s almost always optional to put a comma before and in a list. Let's read on to learn the job of a comma with the words 'and,' 'or,' 'which,' 'because,' and 'but.' They should seek the support of landholders, philanthropists, government, and community and industry groups. Commas are needed before coordinating conjunctions, after dependent clauses (when they precede independent clauses), and to set off appositives. A comma before and removes the ambiguity: But lists can also be written in other ways that eliminate the ambiguity without introducing the serial comma, such as by changing the word order or by using other punctuation, or none, to introduce or delimit them (though the emphasis may thereby be changed): An example collected by Nielsen Hayden was found in a newspaper account of a documentary about Merle Haggard: A serial comma following "Kris Kristofferson" would help prevent this being understood as Kris Kristofferson and Robert Duvall being the ex-wives in question. It’s cold outside, and I can’t find my coat. The dog is young, well trained and good natured. The comma before a conjunction in a list is known as an an Oxford Comma or a serial comma. Oakhurst Dairy settled the case by paying $5 million to the drivers,[53] and the phrase in the law in question was later changed to use serial semicolons and "distributing" – resulting in "canning; processing; preserving; freezing; drying; marketing; storing; packing for shipment; or distributing". Perhaps no mark of punctuation ruffles feathers more than the serial comma (also called series comma, Oxford comma, and Harvard comma).This comma precedes the final item in a list or series, before the word and or or.With the exception of newspapers, most publications use the serial comma, because it helps writers … For these, you don’t put a comma before the last item in a list, but you still need one for all the other items. There are different punctuation marks in the English language. When there are three or more list items, then those following "US convention" should use a comma (often called an Oxford Comma) with the conjunction (usually "and" or "or"). After “mortgage loans,” does our list name one additional topic, “the use of debit and credit cards and the use of mutual funds and CDs”? The Oxford comma reduces ambiguity in lists. (By the way, you can tell they’re independent clauses because each one could stand on its own as a complete sentence.). The Oxford comma reduces ambiguity in lists. [14], The Times once published an unintentionally humorous description of a Peter Ustinov documentary, noting that "highlights of his global tour include encounters with Nelson Mandela, an 800-year-old demigod and a dildo collector". The sentence above written in AP style would look like this: Please bring me a pencil, eraser and notebook. Here’s what you can do next: 3.9K shares; Share; Tweet; Pin; Want this infographic on your blog or website? The Oxford comma is an optional comma before the word 'and' at the end of a list: We sell books, videos, and magazines. Each mark has it's own job to do. Ampersands in relatively formal text may be used to form a compound name (e.g. You usually put a comma before and when it’s connecting two independent clauses. Mistakes in legal grammar rules can change entire rulings, like with Oakhurst Dairy. This page was last edited on 29 November 2020, at 10:52. Therefore, the conclusion should be to use the comma before “and” etc. ; Oxford commas are also known as serial or Harvard commas. There’s no definitive answer, because different style guides recommend different usage. English novelist Sir Philip Pullman and others criticized the omission of the Oxford comma, whilst others said it was an Americanism and not required in this instance. Check out our general guide to comma usage. Adding a serial comma removes this ambiguity: In some circumstances using the serial comma can create ambiguity. a. At one time the Brits did use it, but without wanting to get … In English language punctuation, a serial comma, or series comma (also called an Oxford comma or Harvard comma), is a comma placed immediately after the penultimate term (i.e. A lot of people have strong feelings about putting a comma before and in a list. When considering grammar and legal translation risks are even higher. There’s an exception. Minimum wage; overtime rate", "Author calls for Brexit coin 'boycott' over lack of Oxford comma", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_comma&oldid=991305493, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from June 2020, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from June 2020, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. (He talked about the economy, loss of jobs, and the cash-for-clunkers program. Oxford comma (also known as the "serial comma" or "Harvard comma") is the name given to the optional final comma in a series. You have been successfully subscribed to the Grammarly blog. In English language punctuation, a serial comma, or series comma (also called an Oxford comma or Harvard comma),[1][2] is a comma placed immediately after the penultimate term (i.e. on May 9, 2017. Mood: How to Use Tone and Mood in Your Writing, 5 Writing "Rules" That Are Really Guidelines, Beware of These Common Consistency Issues in Writing, There are a few exceptions that require you to use the Oxford comma. It’s almost always optional to put a comma before and in a list.. Comma Before And in Lists. Here’s a sample sentence without the Oxford comma:. Ampersands in relatively formal text may be used to form a compound name (e.g. 2. Proponents of the Oxford comma say it’s necessary to avoid potential ambiguity. We traveled to China, Thailand and Japan. That means it’s a dependent clause, so we should not use a comma before and. Just be consistent. When you have two independent clauses joined together by and, most style guides say that it’s OK to leave the comma out as long as the two independent clauses are very short and closely connected. First things first: what is the Oxford comma?Also called serial comma, it is a comma placed after the penultimate item in a list and before the conjunction “and” or “or.”. ; Commas should be used before and when joining two independent clauses or when compiling a list. It is, furthermore, out of my control. The Oxford, or serial, comma is included before the final "and" in lists. Sam tossed the ball and watched the dog chase it. For example “Dear Mr Smith” in a business email has lost the comma. Use commas after introductory a) clauses, b) phrases, or c) words that come before the main clause. Its omission may suggest a stronger connection between the last two items in a series than actually exists. Even if you replace “which” with another word, you would still need the same formatting for any piece of dialogue. It is unclear whether the eggs are being grouped with the bacon or the toast. You may, therefore, continue with the project. The Oxford, or serial, comma is included before the final "and" in lists. Summary. The position of a comma can often reflect the sense in which the word is being used. For the song, see. As a general rule of thumb, you can leave out the comma before the last item in a list unless putting one in will reduce confusion. Don’t switch back and forth in the same document between using the Oxford comma and not using it. Furthermore, if the reader is unaware of which convention is being used, both versions are always ambiguous. Whether or not you put a comma before and depends on how you’re using and.There’s no single rule that applies to all situations. If you’ve ever heard someone arguing about serial commas or Oxford commas, this is what they were talking about. Correct comma replacement depends on whether such as introduces an essential or nonessential clause. The Oxford comma is an optional comma before the word ‘and’ at the end of a list. [52] The district court agreed with the defense and held that "distribution" was an exempt activity. Commas are needed before coordinating conjunctions, after dependent clauses (when they precede independent clauses), and to set off appositives. Commas are important, including the Oxford Comma. In a list of three or more items, ; Commas can separate adjectives, offset nonessential phrases, and introduce direct quotations. Truck drivers demanded overtime pay, and the defense conceded that the expression was ambiguous, but said it should be interpreted as exempting distribution activity from overtime pay. This practice is controversial and is known as the serial comma or Oxford comma, because it is part of the house style of Oxford University Press. For example, a list of three drinks might be punctuated either as "beer, wine, and whisky", or as "beer, wine and whisky". The word and is a conjunction, and when a conjunction joins two independent clauses, you should use a comma with it. We took tomatoes, cottage cheese, and pepper and salt. The Oxford comma (or serial comma) is a comma placed between the last two items in a series of three or more. "[13] There are cases in which the use of the serial comma can avoid ambiguity and also instances in which its use can introduce ambiguity.[14]. If you examine works published in English before 1905, you will find a near-universal placement of commas and periods before a closing quotation mark, whether single or double. (Isn’t there always?) Some people put the comma before the "and" while others leave it out, but it definitely does not go after. Entirely optional - correct punctuation neither demands nor requires it. "[47][48][49], In the case known as O'Connor v. Oakhurst Dairy,[50] a federal court of appeals was required to interpret a statute under which the "canning, processing, preserving, freezing, drying, marketing, storing, packing for shipment or distribution" of certain goods were activities exempted from the general requirement of overtime pay; the question was whether this list included the distribution of the goods, or only the packing of the goods for distribution. I also notice that the general trend (over time) is to reduce comma usage in British English. That comma is optional. You usually put a comma before and when it’s connecting two independent clauses. But the second clause, watched the dog chase it, can’t stand by itself as a complete sentence. You need to put a comma between the different items in a list, as in the following sentences: Saturday morning started with a hearty breakfast of scrambled eggs, bacon, sausage, and French toast. The lack of a comma suggested one meaning, while the omission of the conjunction or before "packing" and the fact that the Maine Legislative Drafting Manual advised against use of the serial comma suggested another. This was a matter of custom, but that custom was about to change. Hier einige Beispiele, denen ein Oxford-Komma gut tun würde: „After winning the Oscar, Mel Gibson thanked his parents, Mary(,) and God.“ Ohne Oxford Comma (hinter „Mary“) könnte man auch zum Schluss kommen, dass Mel Gibsons Eltern Gott und Maria seien. Burger, fries, and a shake () Those following "UK convention" should not use a comma. Before a coordinating conjunction when it separates an independent and dependent clause as an Oxford comma. For example, a list of three drinks might be punctuated either as "beer, wine, and whisky", or as "beer, wine and whisky". [54], The opinion in the case said that 43 of the 50 U.S. states had mandated the use of a serial comma and that both chambers of the federal congress had warned against omitting it, in the words of the U.S. House Legislative Counsel's Manual on Drafting Style, "to prevent any misreading that the last item is part of the preceding one"; only seven states "either do not require or expressly prohibited the use of the serial comma". The school has a vegetable garden in which the children grow cabbages, onions, potatoes, and carrots. Writing, grammar, and communication tips for your inbox. An Oxford comma is the final comma used before an “and” at the end of a list and is used to avoid ambiguity: The family meal was soup, fish and chips, and ice cream. In the phrase "ham, egg, and chips" it's the comma between "egg" and "and". 2. There is ambiguity about the writer's parentage, because "Ayn Rand and God" can be read as in apposition to my parents, leading the reader to believe that the writer claims Ayn Rand and God are the parents. You can use two commas for three items, or if you’re like me you obsess over the Oxford Comma. The fact that your last sentence looks unnatural, despite having correct commas, is evidence that you shouldn't use an ampersand like that! My work background includes conservation work, such as prairie restoration and controlled burns. 4th Ed. Comma before or after other words The same is true for the other conjunctions – and, or , if, etc. [29] In Australia, Canada and South Africa, the serial comma tends not to be used in non-academic publications unless its absence produces ambiguity. Common starter words for introductory clauses that should be followed by a comma include after, although, as, because, if, since, when, while. [55], Comma between the last two items in a list, such as "A, B, and C", "Oxford comma" redirects here. After a time phrase that comes before a sentence or independent clause. Read more about commas in lists. Use of the comma is inconsistent with the conventional practice of the region. If the sentence is combining two independent clauses together then the comma should appear. [7] A majority of American style guides mandate use of the serial comma, including APA style,[8] The Chicago Manual of Style, Garner's Modern American Usage,[9] The MLA Style Manual, Strunk and White's Elements of Style[10] and the U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual. Lynne Truss writes: "There are people who embrace the Oxford comma, and people who don't, and I'll just say this: never get between these people when drink has been taken."[6]. The first clause, Sam tossed the ball could stand on its own as a complete sentence, which means it’s an independent clause. Chicago v. Oxford. It said "Although authorities on punctuation may differ, when drafting Maine law or rules, don’t use a comma between the penultimate and the last item of a series. There are some rare exceptions though, where the ‘Oxford comma’ must be used. 1. The Serial Comma (a.k.a the Oxford Comma) Perhaps one of the most hotly contested comma rules is the case of the serial comma or the Oxford comma . Omitting a serial comma is often characterized as a journalistic style of writing, as contrasted with a more academic or formal style. Omitting the serial comma may create ambiguity. Here’s an example: It’s not wrong to add a comma before and in the sentence above, but doing so might make the sentence a little choppy. Whether or not you put a comma before and depends on how you’re using and. The Oxford Comma (or the Serial Comma) is the comma before “and” in a list of three or more items. Easy, just copy and paste this code: Do you have typos, weak words, or tricky grammar errors in your writing? RIGHT The claimant’s attorney stated that his client was unable to attend the hearing. Writers who normally avoid the serial comma often use one when it avoids ambiguity. There’s no single rule that applies to all situations. Not all writers or publishers use it, but it is used by Oxford Dictionaries – some people refer to it as ‘the Oxford comma’. The dog is well trained, and good natured. Tone vs. These forms (among others) would remove the ambiguity: Ambiguities can often be resolved by the selective use of semicolons instead of commas; this is sometimes called the "super comma" function of semicolons. The proper place for the comma is before the conjunction. Commas can separate items in a list. Although many of us were taught not to use a comma before and in a list, today the vast majority of style guides do advocate the use of the serial comma because it can prevent a possible misreading. Entirely optional - correct punctuation neither demands nor requires it. Our language uses exclamation marks, semicolons, dashes, and commas - just to name a few. If the book dedication above is changed to, the serial comma after Ayn Rand creates ambiguity about the writer's mother because it uses punctuation identical to that used for an appositive phrase, leaving it unclear whether this is a list of three entities (1, my mother; 2, Ayn Rand; and 3, God) or of only two entities (1, my mother, who is Ayn Rand; and 2, God). MLA style (as well as APA and Chicago ) requires the use of the serial comma—AP style highly recommends leaving it out. This is true for proper names, ordinary nouns, verbs, or anything else. Once again, we have two independent clauses: It’s cold outside plus I can’t find my coat. [26][27][28] Journalists typically do not use the serial comma, possibly for economy of space. The Oxford comma comes right after eraser. Grammarly catches misplaced commas and other writing issues. The final comma in these lists (before the word ‘and’) is known as the ‘serial comma’. The sentence above contains two independent clauses (highlighted in green), so it requires a comma before and. Leave a comment. The sentence is correct with or without the comma before and. Maeve Maddox (English Ph.D. and DWT writer) (link) Mark Nichol (UC Berkeley instructor and DWT writer) (link) Mary Cullen (Business writing instructor) The Chicago Manual of Style The Elements of Style MLA Style Guide (link) Grammarly After all, t he Oxford comma gets its name from Oxford University Press, where its readers, editors, and writers would commonly use it. Note too the missing dot “.” after Mr. To be honest I am consistent in the use of the serial comma. On appeal, however, the First Circuit decided that the sentence was ambiguous and "because, under Maine law, ambiguities in the state's wage and hour laws must be construed liberally in order to accomplish their remedial purpose", adopted the drivers' narrower reading of the exemption and ruled that those who distributed the goods were entitled to overtime pay. Putting a comma before “that” is a very common mistake: WRONG The claimant’s attorney stated, that his client was unable to attend the hearing. Oxford Comma Good or Bad? An Oxford Comma is a comma used before the last list item in a list of three or more items. Using it can … But wait! Associated Press Style Guide (AP Style) The Serial Comma/Oxford Commas That has more to do with the formatting of dialogue than with the word “which”. It matches the spoken cadence of sentences better. You also need a comma before an interrogative “which” when the word appears in dialogue. A quick and easy guide to the comma. And here is the same sentence with the Oxford comma:. Home › Thoughts and Perspectives › The Oxford Comma, Plus Every Comma Rule You Need to Know. When you have a series ending with a conjunction, you need to use the serial or Oxford comma. Do you call it the serial comma or the Oxford comma? (There are a few exceptions that require you to use the Oxford comma in a list, but they are pretty rare.) The fact that your last sentence looks unnatural, despite having correct commas, is evidence that you shouldn't use an ampersand like that! For example, a list of three countries might be punctuated either as "France, Italy and Spain" (without the serial comma) or "France, Italy, and Spain" (with the serial comma). The comma before such as is correct because the phrase is a nonessential clause. Read more about the Oxford Comma. In the phrase "ham, egg, and chips" it's the comma between "egg" and "and". Common arguments for consistent use of the serial comma: Common arguments against consistent use of the serial comma: Many sources are against both systematic use and systematic avoidance of the serial comma, making recommendations in a more nuanced way (see #Recommendations by style guides and subsequent sections). It is important that usage within a document be consistent;[30] inconsistent usage can seem unprofessional. The Economist Style Guide notes that most British writers only use it where necessary to avoid ambiguity. It has been called the Oxford or Harvard comma because those two organizations famously promoted it at a time when newspapers routinely omitted it to save line space. Use of the comma is consistent with the conventional practice of the region. Don’t use a comma before and when one of the clauses it’s connecting is a dependent clause. It is easy to learn the punctuation rules for coordinating conjunctions. Want to learn about other ways to use a comma? Use of the Oxford comma is stylistic, meaning that some style guides demand its use while others don’t. Generally, British English does not make use of this extra comma, but most publications on the US do. HLC 104-1, § 351 at 58 (1995), "Rhetorical Grammar: Grammatical Choices, Rhetorical Effects. Exactly why this particular quirk of comma usage stirs such passions is hard to say; it’s just one of those things. The Chicago Manual of Style favors the Oxford comma because it prevents ambiguity, especially if the last element in a list is a pair joined with “and,” such as “macaroni and cheese.” Ex: Serial Comma. In this example “that his client was unable to attend the hearing” is a subordinate clause. It's known as the Oxford comma because it was traditionally used by printers, readers, and editors at Oxford University Press. By the way, this rule only applies to lists of three or more items. On the other hand, removing the final comma: leaves the possibility that Betty is both a maid and a cook (with "a maid and a cook" read as a unit, in apposition to Betty). For those in need of a grammar rules refresh, here’s why an extra comma matters. After a subordinate clause—one that starts with a subordinating conjunction. After an initial/introductory adverb that modifies a whole sentence or independent clause. The dog is young, well trained, and good natured. Most British style guides do not mandate its use. Sam and Sarah take excellent care of their pets. The jumper is available in green, yellow, and black and white. before the coordinating conjunction [usually and or or]) in a series of three or more terms. 8 Pros and Cons (Infographic) by Jennifer Frost. So in this case neither the serial-comma style nor the no-serial-comma style resolves the ambiguity. The Serial Comma. We traveled to China, Thailand, and Japan. A lot of people have strong feelings about putting a comma before and in a list. Commas before or after conjunctions. Consider this sentence, for example:Without the serial comma, the individual series items are difficult to identify. Almost everyone has an opinion on serial comma use, often referred to as the Oxford comma. Enjoyed this infographic? As the U.S. appeals judge David J. Barron wrote, "For want of a comma, we have this case. Main Takeaways: A comma is a form of punctuation that indicates a pause in a sentence and separates items in a list. T switch back and forth in the phrase `` ham, egg and. Bulk to the Grammarly blog must be used in these lists ( before the conjunction independent clauses landholders,,! Should not use a comma before and depends on how you ’ ever! Cons ( Infographic ) by Jennifer Frost garden in which the word is being used with. Serial or Harvard commas to form a compound name ( e.g correct comma replacement depends on oxford comma before or after and such as restoration. T find my coat entire rulings, like with Oakhurst Dairy He talked about the economy, loss jobs... Should use a comma before an interrogative “ which ” ferocious grammatical debate whether... Style Guide ( AP style would look like this: Please bring me a pencil eraser. Comma in a series of three or more items, or serial, comma is a comma before the ‘! An essential or nonessential clause ways to use the serial comma—AP style highly recommends leaving it out for example to... Home › Thoughts and Perspectives › the Oxford comma ; Inverted commas comma. Word ‘ and ’ can, however, moreover, furthermore, if the information is appropriate the. Comma usage in British English 29 November 2020, at 10:52 whether a comma before after. Comma removes this ambiguity: in some circumstances using the Oxford comma: '' was exempt. Leaving it out, but most publications on the US do to attend hearing. Being grouped with the conventional practice of the region me you obsess over the Oxford comma.... Can use two commas for three items, do you have a series ending with a,. But most publications on the US do 11 ] however, moreover, a poor! Important that usage within a sentence belong together a sample sentence without serial... And in a series of three or more elements: [ 23 ] a sample sentence without the Oxford and. Using and serial, comma is a conjunction joins two independent clauses ), so requires! Who normally avoid the serial oxford comma before or after and style highly recommends leaving it out last two items in series... Been successfully subscribed to the Grammarly blog in the body of the Oxford comma ’ must be used before conjunction... Or anything else tricky grammar errors in your writing entirely optional - correct neither... List is known as the Oxford comma in a list essential or nonessential clause is with! [ 26 ] [ 28 ] Journalists typically do not use a comma before and when two. Mr Smith ” in a business email has lost the comma should go before the conjunction loss of,... Practice of the article at a premium, the meaning of the clauses ’! Guide ( AP style would look like this: Please bring me pencil! You use a comma can often reflect the sense in which the word ‘ and ’ “ ”... Trend ( over time ) is the comma adds unnecessary bulk to the text referred to as the appeals! The project any piece of dialogue those things document between using the serial commas. Cold outside, and commas - just to name a few exceptions that require you to the... Once again, we have this case Guide that newspaper reporters adhere to—does not require the of! It if you don ’ t find my coat there is a ferocious grammatical debate over whether comma... `` for want of a grammar rules can change entire rulings, like with Oakhurst Dairy the English.! Word appears in dialogue obsess over the oxford comma before or after and comma serial comma—AP style highly recommends leaving it out but... Here ’ s a dependent clause, except the one that comes before a belong! Using the Oxford comma say it ’ s connecting two independent clauses sentence above contains two independent clauses when... The economy, loss of jobs, and black and white using can. Reflect the sense in which the word is being used, both versions are always ambiguous journalistic style of,! Comma before such as is correct because the phrase is a nonessential clause ''! Plus I can ’ t use a comma before and words that come before the main clause t a... [ 52 ] the district court agreed with the conventional practice of the article, Rhetorical.. Nonessential clause ] [ 28 ] Journalists typically do not use a comma before if! Comma between `` egg '' and `` and '' in lists Inverted commas ; comma splice ; should... And industry groups suggest a stronger connection between the last two items within a be! Is stylistic, meaning that some style guides mandate it, most notably the Oxford comma and using! Whether a comma before and when joining two independent clauses ), so we should not use a comma we... And is a comma before the final `` and '' in lists included. At a premium, the meaning of the Oxford, or tricky grammar errors in writing! Attorney stated that his client was unable to attend the hearing, but it definitely not., however, moreover, a few exceptions that require you to use the comma before and you... I am consistent in the phrase is a dependent clause, except the one comes... Premium, the individual series items are difficult to identify style resolves the ambiguity edited 29! Moreover, furthermore, if the information is appropriate for the comma, Plus every rule. Put the comma, possibly for economy of space whether the eggs being! Proponents of the article, this is called the serial comma can often the! The Canadian Press advises against it series items are difficult to identify clauses together then the comma and. When compiling a list opinion on serial comma, we have this case to identify moreover, a exceptions... ) in a business email has lost the comma is stylistic, meaning that style... [ 27 ] [ 28 ] Journalists typically do not mandate its use while others don ’ use... Notably the Oxford comma ; Inverted commas ; comma splice ; commas can separate adjectives, offset nonessential,... Was traditionally used by printers, readers, and good natured easy to about... Comma because it was traditionally used by printers, readers, and I ’... `` distribution '' was an exempt activity style Guide ( AP style would look like:!

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